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The ''Cardinal'' is a thrice-weekly long distance passenger train operated by Amtrak between New York Penn Station and Chicago Union Station, with major intermediate stops at Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Charlottesville, Charleston, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. Trains depart New York on Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and depart Chicago on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. The trip between the termini of the route takes 26 hours.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cardinal / Hoosier State )〕 The ''Hoosier State'' provides service on the segment of the ''Cardinal'' route between Indianapolis and Chicago on the four days of the week when it is not otherwise provided by the ''Cardinal''.〔 During fiscal year 2013, the ''Cardinal'' carried 113,103 passengers, off 2.8% from 2012 when the route had a record ridership of 116,373. The 2012 ridership was a 4.9% increase over 2011, when the line carried 110,923 passengers, which was up 3.6% from 107,842 riders in 2010. The ''Cardinal'' had a record revenue of $7,733,458 in fiscal year 2013, up 2.6% from a total of $7,536,903 in fiscal year 2012,〔 itself an increase of 6.2% from 2011 when the route brought in $7,097,809.〔 The 2011 figure was an 11.3% increase from 2010. == History == The ''Cardinal'' is the successor of several previous trains, primarily the New York Central (later Penn Central) ''James Whitcomb Riley'' and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) ''George Washington''. The ''James Whitcomb Riley'' was a daytime all-coach train which operated between Chicago and Cincinnati (via Indianapolis), while the ''George Washington'' was a C&O sleeper that ran between Cincinnati, Washington, D.C., and Newport News, Virginia. Up until the late 1950s, the ''Riley'' would carry the ''Washington's'' sleeper cars between Cincinnati and Chicago.〔 Both routes survived until the formation of Amtrak in 1971.〔 Amtrak kept service mostly identical at first.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Amtrak's First Trains and Routes )〕 Through Washington–Chicago and Newport News–Chicago coaches began operating July 12, and a through sleeping car began September 8. Throughout the 1970s Amtrak would drop the ''George Washington'' name and re-route the train off the rapidly deteriorating Penn Central track in Indiana.〔 The Newport News section ended in 1976, replaced by the New York–Newport News ''Colonial''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PRR CHRONOLOGY 1976 )〕 The ''James Whitcomb Riley'' was renamed the ''Cardinal'' on October 30, 1977, as the Cardinal was the state bird of all six states through which it ran. However, due to poor track conditions in Indiana, the train was rerouted numerous times, first over various Penn Central/Conrail routings, then ultimately over the former Baltimore and Ohio route via Cottage Grove by 1980.〔Schafer, Mike, Bob Johnston and Kevin McKinney. ''All Aboard Amtrak''. Piscataway NJ: Railpace Co., 1991〕 The ''Cardinal'' was eventually extended from Washington, D.C. to New York City, but was discontinued on September 30, 1981. A congressional mandate resurrected the train on January 8, 1982, and followed another new route, via Richmond, Indiana and Muncie, Indiana. This arrangement lasted until April 27, 1986, when the train was finally moved to its current route via Indianapolis.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cardinal (train)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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